AP Human Geography is an introductory college-level human geography course. Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes.

AP Human Geography Course Content

The course content is organized into seven commonly taught units, which have been arranged in the following suggested, logical sequence:

■ Unit 1: Thinking Geographically; ■ Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes; ■ Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes

■ Unit 4: Political Patterns and Processes; ■ Unit 5: Agriculture and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes; ■ Unit 6: Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes ■ Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes

Each unit is broken down into teachable segments called topics. In addition, the following big ideas serve as the foundation of the course, enabling students to create meaningful connections among concepts and develop deeper conceptual understanding:

■ Big Idea 1: Patterns and Spatial Organization

■ Big Idea 2: Impacts and Interactions

■ Big Idea 3: Spatial Process and Societal Change

Recommended Prerequisites: There are no prerequisites for AP Human Geography. Students should be able to read college-level texts and write grammatically correct, complete sentences.

AP Macroeconomics

BIG IDEA 1: ECONOMIC MEASUREMENTS (MEA) Economists construct measurements to monitor the state of an economy and evaluate its performance over time. Governments, firms, and citizens often use these measurements to help inform policy, business, and personal decisions.

BIG IDEA 2: MARKETS (MKT) Competitive markets bring together buyers and sellers to exchange goods and services for mutual gain. The simple model of supply–demand can be applied in different market contexts.

BIG IDEA 3: MACROECONOMIC MODELS (MOD) Macroeconomic models are simplified representations that depict basic economic relationships and can be used to predict and explain how those relationships are affected by economic shocks.

BIG IDEA 4: MACROECONOMIC POLICIES (POL) Government taxation and spending policies and central bank monetary policy can affect an economy’s output, price level, and level of employment, both in the short run and in the long run.

AP Microeconomics

BIG IDEA 1: SCARCITY AND MARKETS (MKT) Limited resources and unlimited wants result in the need to make choices. In a market economy, the choices of buyers and sellers determine market prices and the allocation of scarce resources.

BIG IDEA 2: COSTS, BENEFITS, AND MARGINAL ANALYSIS (CBA) There are trade-offs associated with any decision. Making optimal decisions requires evaluating the additional costs and benefits of possible actions.

BIG IDEA 3: PRODUCTION CHOICES AND BEHAVIOR (PRD) Firms seek to minimize costs and maximize profits, which influences their production decisions in the short run and long run.

BIG IDEA 4: MARKET INEFFICIENCY AND PUBLIC POLICY (POL) Private markets can fail to allocate resources efficiently, and well-designed public policy can endeavor to promote greater efficiency and equity in the economy.

AP Psychology is an introductory college-level psychology course. Students cultivate their understanding of the systematic and scientific study of human behavior and mental processes through inquiry-based investigations as they explore concepts like the biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning and cognition, motivation, developmental psychology, testing and individual differences, treatment of abnormal behavior, and social psychology.

AP Psychology Course Content

The course content is organized into commonly taught units of study that provide a suggested sequence for the course. These units comprise the content and conceptual understandings that colleges and universities typically expect students to master to qualify for college credit and/or placement.

■ Scientific Foundations of Psychology; ■ Biological Bases of Behavior

■ Sensation and Perception; ■ Learning; ■ Cognitive Psychology

■ Developmental Psychology; ■ Motivation, Emotion, and Personality

■ Clinical Psychology ■ Social Psychology

AP Psychology Skills

The AP Psychology skills describe what students should be able to do while exploring course concepts. The list that follows presents these skills, which students should develop during the AP Psychology course.

■ Concept Understanding: ♦ Define, explain, and apply concepts, behavior, theories, and perspectives.

■ Data Analysis: ♦ Analyze and interpret quantitative data.

■ Scientific Investigation: ♦ Analyze psychological research studies